Windmill



J. M. MACK.

WINDMILL.

Patented Feb.20,1883.

J M. 4Sheets-Sheet 2.

(No Model.)

WINDMILL.

zw. 4 We. 6

(No Model.) 4 Sheets-Sheet 3.

J. M. MACK.

WINDMILL.

No. 272,566. Patented Feb. 20, 1883.

WI 11 3/ ES 578 UNITED STATES JOHN M. MACK, OF CEDAR VALE, KANSAS.

WINDMILL.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent N 0. 272,566, datedFebruary 20, 1883. Application filed December 30, 1882. (No model.)

To all. whom t't may concern:

Be it known that I, JOHN M. MACK, of Cedar Vale, in the countyofOh-autauqua and State of Kansas, have invented certain new and usefulimprovements in Windmills; and I do hereby declare that the following isa full, clear, and exact description of the invention, which will enableothers skilled in the art to which it appertains to make and use thesame, reference being bad to theaccompanying drawings, and to theletters of reference marked thereon, which form part of thisspecification.

My invention relates to wind-engines; and the novelty consists in theconstruction and arrangement-of parts, as will he more fully hereinafterset forth, and specifically pointed out in the claims.

The invention is fully illustrated in the accompanying drawings, whichform a part of this specification. and in which- Figure 1 is a sideelevation; Fig. 2, a central vertical section; Fig. 3, a top plan view;Fig. 4, an elevation'ot' one of the wheels with some otthe platesremoved; and Fig.5, a detail view of one of the plates, showing itsmethod of attachment to its bearings.

Referring to the drawings, in which similar letters of referenceindicate like parts in all the figures, A represents an ordinary towercarrying a socket, B, having an annular recess, 1), adapted to receivethe friction rolls or ball b.

0 represents the casting or body, having downwardly-projecting shank c,which operates loosely in the socket B, its lower surface having a freebearing on the rolls 1). Journaled in the body 0 at c is the revolvingshaft (Z of the wind-wheel D, and similarly journaled at c is the shaft(1 or the wind-wheel D. For convenience and for the better understandingof the case, the wheel D will be designated as the front wheel, as itfaces the wind when the vane is in operation, and the wheel D will becalled the back wheel. The shafts'd and dare journaled in bearings andrevolve with their respective wheels, and they are provided upon theirinner extremities with beveled gears 61 and (1 both of which mesh with asimilar gear, d; which is rigid with the vertical shalt d, whichconnects by crank or other device with the object to be operated. Theshaft (1 is considerably longer than the shaft (2 and extends rearwardto form a support for the vane H, i

the said shaft d being journaled in brackets h, secured upon said vane,as shown. It will thus be seen that not only is the vane H given freerotary movement on the shaft d, but the said shaft is allowed to revolvefreely in its journals upon the vane.

The vane H has a counter-weight, I, which acts with a constant force tokeep the vane in a vertical position, and it is connected, from itsupper edge, by a link, J, to the lower edge of a governor-vane, K,journaled at right angles to the bearings of the vane B. This link J isof such length that when the plane of the vane H is vertical the planeof the vane K is horizontal, and vice versa. The vane K, or governor, ishung upon a shaft, k, journaled in an arm,L, of the body (3, and thesaid shalt k is provided with a pinion, it, which meshes with avertically-reciprocating rock-bar, M. This rock-bar M operates in aguide, l, and rests at its lower end upon a ring, M, which surrounds thetower,and is secured thereto by loose links m, which allowthe ring to beraised or lowered at will by means of the rod m. By means of this red mand its connections the vanes may be thrown into such position as tobring the wind-wheels into full operation, partial operation, orentirely out of operation, as occasion may require. In addition to this,however, the vanes are adapted to operate automatically to obtainoperative medium. For this purpose the governor-vane K is pierced at ornear its longitudinal and transverse center with an arm, 0, extendingfrom each side, the front arm carrying a counter-weight, 0, and the reararm a vane, 0

It will be seen thatas the vane H goes into operation to hold thewind-wheels into operating relation with the wind the governor-valveoscillates until the vane 0 is acted upon by the wind, and afterward thevane H will receive more or less of the wind force as the vane 0 or K isoperated upon.

The wind-wheels are constructed as follows: The hubs of each are heldrigid to the shaft by the set-screw s, and from the hub extend radiatingarms or spokes S, which pass through an inner ring, S, and an outer orperipheral ring, S anut,s, being placed upon the threaded outer end ofsaid spokes. The inner ring, S,

is of much less width than the ring 5*, the difference being toaccommodate the unequal widths of the outer and inner ends of the sailsW. At or near the center of each end these sails are cut for a shortdistance, as seen at w, and the material is then turned in oppositedirection and secured to the rings,.as shown. This gives an increasedbearing, readily and. cheaply accomplished, and serves to hold the sailsfirmly in position. By loosening the nuts 8, the wheel may readily betaken apart for repair. It is important in this machine that the wheelsrevolve in opposite directions, the sails being arranged to effect thatresult, and it is ofadvantage that the wind which passes the front wheelshould have its effect upon the back wheel. I deem the construction ofthe sails and their manner of being secured in the wheels as important.

I deem the vane H, hung upon the revolving shaft of one of thewind-wheels, in its relation to the governor and other parts of thedevice and the system of vanes and means for modifying their action,important.

That 1 claim as new is 1. In a wind-engine, a wind-wheel having itssails formed with wide and narrow ends, cut centrally, and the materialturned in opposite directions, forming flanges, the turned portions orflanges being secured to concentric rings S S as set forth.

2. The combination of the hub and spokes S, the rings S and S and thesails W, and fasteningdevices, whereby the wheel may readily be takenapart for transportation or repairs, or the like, as set forth.

3. The wheel I) and shaft (1, revolving together, combined with the vaneH, hung upon said revolving shaft, the governor-vane, and connections,as set forth.

4. The vane H, hungupon the shaft (1 of the wind-wheel D, and havingcounter-weight I, the governor-vane K, link J, and countervane 0 0combined with the link J, shalt 7c, pinion k, and means for modifyingthe action of-said vanes at will, as specified.

. 5. The combination of the rod in, ring M, and links on with therock-bar M, pinion k, rod 7;, vanes H K, and link J, as set forth. Intestimony that I claim the foregoing as my own 1 afiix my signature inpresence of two witnesses.

' JOHN M. MACK. Witnesses:

O. E. DUFFY,

B. F. MORSELL.

